Robert Suchow, DMD
Periodontics & Implant Dentistry Since 1986
Pregnancy and Your Gums: What Every Mom-to-Be Should Know About Periodontal Disease
When you’re expecting — or planning to be — there’s a lot to keep track of: prenatal vitamins, doctor’s visits, nursery prep. But there’s one thing many women don’t realize should be on their checklist: a periodontal checkup.
Hormonal changes during pregnancy can affect your gums in surprising ways, and research shows that gum disease may even impact your baby’s health. Here’s what you need to know — and how we can help you protect both your smile and your pregnancy.
What Is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal (gum) disease is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by the body’s immune response to bacterial plaque and biofilm that accumulate on the teeth and below the gumline.
While plaque is a natural byproduct of bacteria in the mouth, certain individuals have a heightened susceptibility to the inflammation it triggers. In these individuals, the immune response can become dysregulated, leading to the breakdown of the supporting structures of the teeth — including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone.
The earliest stage, gingivitis, involves inflammation of the gum tissue, often presenting as redness, swelling, and bleeding. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, where the chronic inflammation leads to irreversible damage such as gum recession, bone loss, pocket formation, and, eventually, tooth mobility or loss.
Why Pregnancy Affects Your Gums
Pregnancy hormones like estrogen and progesterone increase blood flow to the gums and can change how your body responds to plaque — the sticky film of bacteria on your teeth. This can result in pregnancy gingivitis, which affects up to 75% of expectant mothers.
Signs include:
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Bleeding when brushing or flossing
- Bad breath
- Without treatment, pregnancy gingivitis can worsen into periodontitis — which has been associated with certain pregnancy complications.
- Gum Disease and Pregnancy Complications
- Several studies have linked untreated gum disease with:
- Preterm birth
- Low birth weight
- Preeclampsia
How?
The bacteria that cause gum disease can enter the bloodstream, triggering inflammation that may affect the placenta and the baby’s development. Taking care of your gums is one more way to care for your growing baby.
Thinking About Getting Pregnant?
Now is the perfect time to schedule a periodontal checkup and cleaning. Catching and treating any gum inflammation or infection before pregnancy reduces your risk of complications and gives you peace of mind.
Many patients are surprised to learn that oral health is something you can pass down: the bacteria that cause cavities — particularly Streptococcus mutans — are often transmitted from mother to baby. Maintaining a healthy mouth before and during pregnancy helps protect your child’s future smile, too.
Is Dental Care Safe During Pregnancy?
Yes — not only is it safe, it’s recommended.
The second trimester (weeks 13–28) is typically the most comfortable time for dental treatment. Just let your dental provider know you’re expecting so they can tailor your care appropriately.
We recommend:
- A professional cleaning early in pregnancy
- Brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
- Daily flossing
- Eating a nutrient-rich, low-sugar diet
- Staying hydrated to reduce dry mouth
When to Call Us - Let us know if you experience:
- Persistent bleeding gums
- Gum recession
- Loose teeth
- A bad taste or pus near your gums
- Changes in how your teeth fit together
We’re here to help — gently, safely, and with your comfort in mind.
Final Thoughts
Your smile is a reflection of your overall health — and during pregnancy, it matters more than ever. Whether you’re expecting, trying to conceive, or newly postpartum, taking care of your gums is a smart, protective step for both you and your baby.
